定语从句连接词是用于引导定语从句的关联词,根据其功能可分为两类: 关系代词和 关系副词。以下是具体说明:
一、关系代词
关系代词用于替代先行词(被修饰的名词或代词)在定语从句中作成分,主要包括:
that 适用范围:可指人或物,作主语、宾语或表语。
例:
- The book which/that I borrowed is interesting.
which
适用范围:主要指物,作主语、宾语或表语。
例:
- The movie which everyone watched was fantastic.
who
适用范围:指人,作主语或宾语。
例:
- The student who passed the exam is my friend.
whom
适用范围:指人,作宾语。
例:
- The teacher to whom I spoke was very helpful.
whose
适用范围:指人或物,作定语表示所属关系。
例:
- The man whose car was broken called me.
as
适用范围:可指人或物,作主语或宾语,常用于非限制性定语从句。
例:
- This is the same pen as mine.
二、关系副词
关系副词用于引导定语从句,并在从句中作状语,主要包括:
when
适用范围:指时间,作时间状语。
例:
- The day when we met was unforgettable.
where
适用范围:指地点,作地点状语。
例:
- The house where we grew up is now a museum.
why
适用范围:指原因,作原因状语。
例:
- The reason why he was late was unexpected.
三、使用要点
先行词选择: 关系代词替代名词/代词,关系副词替代时间/地点/原因等抽象名词。 位置要求
特殊规则:介词后用关系代词(如the book for which)、所有格用whose、非限制性定语从句用as。
通过合理运用关系代词和关系副词,可清晰表达复杂句子结构,避免冗长和歧义。