将两个句子合并为定语从句的基本形式是通过关系词将修饰性从句与先行词连接起来。具体形式如下:
一、基本结构公式
先行词 + 关系词 + 从句
其中:
先行词:被修饰的名词或代词(如:the guy, the chair)
关系词:引导定语从句的关系代词(如:who, which, that)或关系副词(如:when, where)
从句:包含关系词的完整句子,起补充说明作用
二、合并步骤说明
确定先行词 找出需要修饰的名词或代词,例如:
- The guy with eight-pack abs → 先行词为 the guy
- The broken chair → 先行词为 the chair
选择关系词
根据先行词在从句中承担的成分选择关系词:
- 人:who, that
- 物:which, that
- 时间:when
- 地点:where
例如:
- The guy whohas eight-pack abs → 关系词为 who
- The chair thatI sat in → 关系词为 that
合并句子结构
将原句拆分为主句和从句,通过关系词连接:
- 主句:The guy is Eddie Peng
- 从句:has eight-pack abs
合并后: The guy who has eight-pack abs is Eddie Peng
三、注意事项
省略现象
从句中的介词短语或助动词可省略,例如:
- I know the man in the car→ 省略为 I know the man who is in the car
- The book that I borrowed→ 省略为 The book which I borrowed
关系词的选用
避免混淆:
- 人用who/that
- 物用which/that
例如:
- The woman thatcalled you → 正确
- The city wherewe visited → 正确
而 that可以同时指代人或物,需根据语境选择
常见错误
- 介词+关系代词: The man which works→ 错误,应为 The man who works
- 关系词位置错误: The guy has eight-pack abs who is Eddie→ 错误,应为 The guy who is Eddie and has eight-pack abs
四、扩展应用
复合定语从句: 可嵌套使用,例如: The project which was completed on time
非谓语动词省略:
The students who are studying for the examhave submitted their assignments→ 省略为 The students studying for the exam have submitted their assignments
通过以上方法,可将简单句合并为结构清晰、表达准确的定语从句,提升英语写作和口语表达能力。