根据英语语法规则, what和 how都不能引导非限制性定语从句。以下是具体说明:
一、what的用法限制
只能引导名词性从句
what 可以引导名词性从句(如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句),例如:
- What he said surprised everyone.
但无法引导定语从句,因为定语从句需要用关系代词(如which, that)或关系副词(如when, where)来连接先行词。
在名词性从句中的功能
在名词性从句中,what 通常作主语、宾语或表语。例如:
- I don’t know what he wants.
- The problem is what we can do about it.
二、how的用法限制
只能作状语
how 可以引导方式状语从句,表示“如何”“怎样”,例如:
- The company managed the project in an innovative way.
但无法引导定语从句,因为定语从句需要明确指代先行词的关系词。
在句子中的功能
how 在从句中通常作方式状语,描述动作的方式或程度。例如:
- She sings beautifully.
- The problem can be solved easily.
三、相关错误示例
what引导非限制性定语从句(错误):
The book which what he likes is on the table.
正确应为:
The book that he likes is on the table.
how引导非限制性定语从句(错误):
The movie, how amazing it was, won several awards.
正确应为:
The movie, which was amazing, won several awards.
总结
what仅限名词性从句,不可用于定语从句;
how仅限方式状语从句,不可用于定语从句。
若需引导非限制性定语从句,建议使用 which(指代物)、 that(非正式文体)、 who(指代人)等合适引导词。