非谓语动词存在的句子 不是从句。以下是具体说明:
一、非谓语动词的定义与功能
非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式,包括不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)、分词(现在分词doing和过去分词done)等,主要用于以下功能:
作定语:
如“a sleeping cat”(睡着的猫)
作状语:
如“hearing the news, we jumped with joy”(听到消息,我们高兴地跳了起来)
作宾语补足语:
如“Their homework is done”(作业被完成了)
作主语:
如“The opening of the concert attracted thousands”(音乐会的开幕吸引了成千上万人)
二、从句的定义与特征
从句是包含主谓结构的独立句子,需满足以下条件:
主谓结构完整:必须包含主语和谓语动词
独立性:可独立成句,例如“Their homework is done”中的“is done”是主句谓语
三、两者的核心区别
结构完整性 非谓语动词本身不构成完整句子,需依附于主句;从句是独立完整的句子。
语法功能
非谓语动词作句子成分(如定语、状语等);从句在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等,但本身是完整句子。
示例对比
- 非谓语动词作状语: *Hearing the news, we jumped with joy.*(非谓语“hearing”作状语) *The problem, which was discussed earlier, needs to be solved.*(非谓语“which was discussed”作后置定语) - 从句作状语
*When she arrived, the meeting had already started.*(从句“when she arrived”作时间状语)
*Because of the rain, the match was canceled.*(从句“Because of the rain”作原因状语)
四、常见误区
部分非谓语动词形式(如动词不定式、动名词)可能被误认为引导从句,例如:
*He likes to read books.*(正确:不定式作后置定语)
*Reading books is his favorite hobby.*(正确:动名词作主语)
*She finished the task, which surprised everyone.*(正确:非谓语“which”引导定语从句)
若需强调非谓语动词的独立性,可使用“that”引导名词性从句,但此时“that”无实际意义,例如:
*That the meeting was postponed surprised everyone.*(正确:that引导名词性从句)
综上,非谓语动词和从句在语法结构、功能及独立性上存在本质差异,需根据具体语境选择正确用法。